The Buwayhid dynasty was a Shia Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of modern-day Iran and Iraq from the 10th to the 11th centuries. Founded by the Buwayhid brothers, it emerged during a time of political fragmentation in the Islamic world, taking advantage of the weakening of the Abbasid Caliphate. The dynasty is known for its contributions to Persian culture and governance. The Buwayhids established their capital in Shiraz and expanded their influence over major cities like Baghdad. They played a significant role in promoting the arts and literature, fostering a cultural renaissance in the region. Their rule marked a period of relative stability and prosperity before the rise of the Seljuk Turks.