The Buwayhid Dynasty was a Shia Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of modern-day Iran and Iraq from the 10th to the 11th centuries. Founded by the Buwayhid brothers, it emerged during a time of political fragmentation in the Islamic world, taking advantage of the weakening of the Abbasid Caliphate. The dynasty is known for its patronage of culture and the arts, contributing to the flourishing of Persian literature and architecture. The Buwayhids established their capital in Shiraz and later took control of Baghdad, where they held significant influence over the Abbasid Caliphs. Their rule marked a period of relative stability and prosperity, although it eventually declined due to internal strife and external pressures, paving the way for the rise of other powers in the region.