The Buwaihid dynasty, also known as the Buyid dynasty, was a Shia Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of Iran and Iraq from the 10th to the 11th centuries. Founded by Ali ibn Buwayh, the dynasty emerged during a time of political fragmentation following the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate. The Buwaihids played a significant role in the cultural and political landscape of the region, promoting Persian culture and Shia Islam. The Buwaihid dynasty is notable for its patronage of the arts and architecture, leading to a flourishing of Persian literature and culture. They established their capital in Shiraz and expanded their influence over major cities like Baghdad. The dynasty eventually declined due to internal strife and external pressures, paving the way for the rise of other powers in the region.