Britain, officially known as the United Kingdom (UK), is a country located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. It comprises four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The capital city is London, which is a major financial and cultural center. The UK has a rich history, known for its contributions to literature, science, and politics. The UK is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. The current monarch is King Charles III, and the government is led by the Prime Minister. The UK is also known for its diverse landscapes, ranging from the rolling hills of the Cotswolds to the rugged highlands of Scotland.