The Brazilian monarchy refers to the period when Brazil was ruled as a monarchy, specifically from 1822 to 1889. It began when Dom Pedro I declared Brazil's independence from Portugal and became its first emperor. The monarchy was characterized by a constitutional framework, allowing for a degree of political representation while maintaining imperial authority. The monarchy ended in 1889 when Brazil was declared a republic, leading to the exile of Dom Pedro II, the last emperor. During its existence, the Brazilian monarchy played a significant role in shaping the country's identity and governance, influencing its social and political landscape.