The Bose-Einstein distribution describes how particles known as bosons occupy energy states at thermal equilibrium. It is particularly relevant for systems at very low temperatures, where multiple bosons can occupy the same quantum state. This distribution helps explain phenomena such as superfluidity and Bose-Einstein condensates. Developed by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in the early 20th century, the distribution is mathematically expressed to account for indistinguishable particles. Unlike Fermi-Dirac statistics, which applies to fermions (particles that cannot occupy the same state), the Bose-Einstein distribution allows for multiple occupancy, leading to unique quantum behaviors.