A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter formed at extremely low temperatures, close to absolute zero. In this state, a group of atoms behaves as a single quantum entity, allowing them to occupy the same space and energy level. This phenomenon occurs due to the principles of quantum mechanics, specifically the behavior of bosons, a type of particle that can share quantum states. The concept of BEC was first predicted by physicists Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in the early 20th century. It was experimentally realized in 1995 with a group of rubidium atoms. BECs have unique properties, such as superfluidity, which allows them to flow without viscosity, making them a subject of interest in both physics and potential technological applications.