Quantum gases are states of matter formed at extremely low temperatures, where quantum effects become significant. They include two main types: Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and Fermi gases. In BECs, particles called bosons occupy the same quantum state, leading to unique properties like superfluidity. Fermi gases, on the other hand, consist of fermions, which obey the Pauli exclusion principle, preventing them from occupying the same state. This results in behaviors like the formation of degenerate Fermi gases, where particles fill available energy states up to a certain level. Both types of quantum gases provide insights into quantum mechanics and fundamental physics.