The Boer Wars were two conflicts fought between the British Empire and the Boers, who were Dutch settlers in South Africa. The first war, known as the First Boer War (1880-1881), arose from tensions over British control in the region. The Boers successfully resisted British rule, leading to their independence. The second conflict, the Second Boer War (1899-1902), was more extensive and brutal. It began due to disputes over gold and diamond resources and resulted in significant casualties on both sides. Ultimately, the British emerged victorious, leading to the establishment of the Union of South Africa in 1910.