The First Boer War (1880-1881) was a conflict between the British Empire and the Boer republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State in present-day South Africa. The war arose from tensions over British control and governance in the region, as the Boers sought independence from British rule. The war began in December 1880 and ended in March 1881, resulting in a significant victory for the Boers. The conflict highlighted the challenges of British imperialism and led to the recognition of Boer self-governance in the Transvaal, setting the stage for future tensions in South Africa.