The "Berlin specimen" refers to a well-preserved fossil of the extinct species Megalodon, a giant prehistoric shark that lived approximately 23 to 3.6 million years ago. This specimen is notable for its size and the insights it provides into the anatomy and lifestyle of one of the largest predators in ocean history. Discovered in Berlin, Germany, the specimen has contributed significantly to the understanding of Megalodon's biology, including its teeth and jaw structure. Researchers study such fossils to learn more about the evolution of sharks and the ecological dynamics of ancient marine environments.