Bedrock refers to the solid rock layer that lies beneath soil and loose materials on the Earth's surface. It serves as the foundation for various geological formations and is crucial for understanding the structure of the Earth's crust. Bedrock can be composed of different types of rock, including granite, limestone, and basalt, depending on the geological history of the area. In construction and engineering, bedrock is important because it provides stability for buildings and other structures. When planning a construction project, engineers often assess the depth and type of bedrock to ensure that foundations are secure. This assessment helps prevent issues like settling or shifting, which can lead to structural damage over time.