Rock formation refers to the process by which rocks are created, altered, and transformed over time. This process can occur through various methods, including igneous formation from cooled magma, sedimentary formation from accumulated sediments, and metamorphic transformation due to heat and pressure. Each type of rock has distinct characteristics and plays a vital role in the Earth's geology. The study of rock formation helps scientists understand the Earth's history and the processes that shape its surface. By examining rock layers, known as strata, geologists can uncover information about past environments, climate changes, and the movement of tectonic plates. This knowledge is essential for natural resource exploration and environmental conservation.