The Bavarian Monarchy refers to the royal family that ruled the region of Bavaria in southern Germany. It began in the early Middle Ages and became prominent with the establishment of the Duchy of Bavaria in the 12th century. The monarchy played a significant role in the political and cultural development of Bavaria, especially during the reign of King Ludwig II, known for his fairy-tale castles. The monarchy officially ended in 1918 after Germany's defeat in World War I and the abdication of King Ludwig III. Following the abdication, Bavaria became a republic, but the legacy of the Bavarian monarchy continues to influence the region's culture, traditions, and architecture.