The Battle of Cunaxa took place in 401 BC between the forces of the Persian prince Cyrus the Younger and the Persian king Artaxerxes II. Cyrus aimed to seize the throne from his brother, Artaxerxes, and gathered a diverse army, including Greek mercenaries known as the Ten Thousand. The battle occurred near the Euphrates River in modern-day Iraq. Despite initial successes, Cyrus was killed in the battle, leading to a retreat of the Greek mercenaries. The conflict highlighted the struggles for power within the Persian Empire and the involvement of Greek soldiers in Persian affairs, influencing future military campaigns in the region.