Ancient battles were significant conflicts fought by early civilizations, often over territory, resources, or power. Notable examples include the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC, where the Athenians defeated the Persians, and the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC, where Alexander the Great triumphed over the Persian Empire. These battles shaped the course of history and influenced the development of military strategies. The tactics used in ancient battles varied widely, often involving formations like the phalanx or the legion. Weapons such as swords, spears, and bows were common, and chariots played a crucial role in many conflicts. The outcomes of these battles often determined the rise and fall of empires, leaving lasting legacies in the cultures that followed.