The Battle of Carchemish took place in 605 BCE between the forces of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, led by Nebuchadnezzar II, and the Egyptian army, commanded by Pharaoh Necho II. This battle was significant as it marked the decline of Egyptian power in the region and the rise of Babylonian dominance. The conflict occurred near the ancient city of Carchemish, located on the banks of the Euphrates River. Following their victory, the Babylonians expanded their territory, leading to the eventual conquest of Judah and the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BCE.