Base32 encoding is a method of converting binary data into a text format using a set of 32 different characters. This encoding is useful for representing data in a way that is more human-readable and can be easily transmitted over systems that may not handle binary data well. The character set typically includes uppercase letters A-Z and digits 2-7. The main advantage of Base32 is its ability to reduce the risk of data corruption during transmission. It is often used in applications like email and URL encoding, where special characters may cause issues. By using a limited character set, Base32 ensures compatibility across various platforms.