Base encoding is a method used to convert binary data into a text format that can be easily transmitted or stored. This is particularly useful for encoding data in systems that only support text, such as email or URLs. Common types of base encoding include Base64, which represents binary data using a set of 64 characters, making it compact and efficient. The process involves dividing the binary data into groups and converting each group into a corresponding character from the encoding set. This ensures that the data remains intact and can be accurately reconstructed later. Base encoding is widely used in applications like data transmission and file storage.