URL Encoding is a method used to convert special characters in a web address into a format that can be transmitted over the internet. This is necessary because URLs can only be sent over the Internet using a limited set of characters. For example, spaces are replaced with "%20", and other characters are encoded to ensure they are correctly interpreted by web browsers and servers. When a URL contains characters like spaces, #, or &, they can cause confusion in the request. By using URL encoding, these characters are transformed into a standard format, allowing for accurate communication between the user's browser and the web server. This ensures that the intended resource is correctly accessed.