Baetica was a historical region in ancient Hispania, corresponding to modern-day southern Spain. It was known for its fertile lands, particularly in the Guadalquivir River valley, which supported agriculture and trade. The region was rich in resources, including olive oil and wine, making it an important economic area in the Roman Empire. During the Roman period, Baetica became a province and was recognized for its cultural and political significance. Major cities included Corduba (now Córdoba) and Hispalis (now Seville). The region played a vital role in the spread of Roman culture and governance throughout the Iberian Peninsula.