Babylonia was an ancient civilization located in the region of Mesopotamia, primarily in what is now modern-day Iraq. It emerged around 1894 BCE and became known for its rich culture, advanced legal systems, and impressive architectural achievements, including the famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon. The city of Babylon served as its capital and was a major center of trade and learning. The civilization is best known for the Code of Hammurabi, one of the earliest written legal codes, which established laws and justice in society. Babylonia reached its peak during the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar II, who expanded the empire and enhanced its cultural and economic influence.