The term "Azteca" refers to the people and culture of the Aztec Empire, which thrived in central Mexico from the 14th to the 16th centuries. The Aztecs are known for their advanced agricultural practices, impressive architectural achievements, and a complex social structure. Their capital city, Tenochtitlán, was built on an island in Lake Texcoco and featured grand temples and canals. The Aztecs practiced a polytheistic religion, worshipping numerous gods, including Huitzilopochtli and Quetzalcoatl. They are also recognized for their contributions to art, mathematics, and astronomy. The empire fell to Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés in 1521, marking a significant turning point in history.