Azo compounds are organic molecules characterized by the presence of a functional group known as the azo group, which consists of two nitrogen atoms connected by a double bond (–N=N–). These compounds are often brightly colored and are widely used as dyes in textiles, food, and cosmetics due to their vibrant hues. The synthesis of azo compounds typically involves a reaction between an aromatic amine and a nitrous acid, leading to the formation of the azo group. Common examples include azo dyes like methyl orange and azo yellow, which are utilized in various industrial applications for their color properties.