An Autonomous System is a network or a group of networks that operates independently without human intervention. It is often managed by a single organization and is identified by a unique Autonomous System Number (ASN). These systems are crucial for routing internet traffic efficiently, allowing data to travel between different networks seamlessly. In the context of the internet, an Autonomous System can include various devices and protocols that work together to maintain connectivity. Examples of these protocols include Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), which helps in determining the best paths for data transmission. Autonomous systems play a vital role in the overall structure and functionality of the Internet.