Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized protocol used to exchange routing information between different networks on the internet. It helps routers determine the best paths for data to travel, ensuring efficient communication across diverse networks. BGP is crucial for maintaining the stability and reliability of the internet. BGP operates by using a system of "autonomous systems" (AS), which are large networks or groups of networks under a single administration. Each AS has a unique identifier, allowing BGP to manage the flow of data between them. This protocol is essential for the overall functionality of the internet, enabling seamless connectivity among various Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and organizations.