A Routing Protocol is a set of rules that determines how data packets are directed through a network. It helps routers communicate with each other to find the best path for data to travel from one point to another. Common examples of routing protocols include RIP, OSPF, and BGP, each with its own methods for calculating the most efficient routes. These protocols can be classified into two main types: Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs), which operate within a single network, and Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs), which manage routing between different networks. By using these protocols, networks can adapt to changes, ensuring reliable and efficient data transmission.