The Athenian Golden Age refers to a period in ancient Athens from approximately 480 to 404 BCE, marked by significant achievements in art, philosophy, and democracy. This era followed the Persian Wars, during which Athens emerged as a powerful city-state. The construction of iconic structures like the Parthenon and advancements in theater, particularly through playwrights like Sophocles and Euripides, characterized this vibrant time. During the Athenian Golden Age, the political system evolved into a direct democracy, allowing citizens to participate actively in decision-making. Influential philosophers such as Socrates and Plato emerged, shaping Western thought. This period laid the foundation for many cultural and intellectual developments that continue to influence modern society.