Artemisinin is a natural compound derived from the sweet wormwood plant, known scientifically as Artemisia annua. It is primarily used as an effective treatment for malaria, a disease caused by parasites transmitted through mosquito bites. Artemisinin works by targeting the malaria parasites in the blood, helping to reduce symptoms and clear the infection. This compound is often used in combination therapies, such as artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), to enhance its effectiveness and reduce the risk of resistance. Since its discovery, artemisinin has played a crucial role in global efforts to combat malaria, particularly in regions where the disease is prevalent.