Arctic vegetation consists mainly of low-growing plants adapted to cold temperatures and short growing seasons. Common types include mosses, lichens, grasses, and small shrubs. These plants have developed unique features, such as shallow root systems and the ability to photosynthesize at low temperatures, allowing them to thrive in harsh conditions. The Arctic tundra, characterized by permafrost, supports this vegetation. During the brief summer, the top layer of soil thaws, enabling plants to grow and reproduce quickly. This ecosystem plays a crucial role in supporting wildlife, including caribou and migratory birds, which rely on these plants for food and habitat.