Archaeological research is the scientific study of past human societies through their material remains. This includes artifacts, structures, and other physical evidence left behind, such as tools, pottery, and buildings. Archaeologists excavate sites to uncover these items, helping to reconstruct historical events and understand cultural practices. The process often involves careful planning and fieldwork, including surveying and digging. Techniques like radiocarbon dating and stratigraphy are used to determine the age of findings. Notable archaeological sites include Pompeii and Stonehenge, which provide valuable insights into ancient civilizations and their ways of life.