Archaeological methodology refers to the systematic techniques used by archaeologists to study past human activities. This includes surveying sites, excavating artifacts, and analyzing materials. Tools such as GPS and ground-penetrating radar help locate potential dig sites, while careful excavation techniques ensure that artifacts are preserved in their original context. Once artifacts are collected, they undergo various analyses, including carbon dating to determine age and chemical analysis to understand composition. Documentation is crucial throughout the process, as it allows researchers to reconstruct historical narratives and understand cultural practices of ancient civilizations.