The presence of Arabs in Sicily began in the 9th century when they invaded the island, establishing control over it. This period marked significant cultural and economic changes, as the Arabs introduced advanced agricultural techniques, new crops, and irrigation methods, transforming the landscape of Sicily. During their rule, the Arabs also contributed to the island's architecture, evident in structures like the Palermo mosque and the Palatine Chapel. Their influence persisted even after the Norman conquest in the 11th century, leaving a lasting legacy in Sicilian culture, language, and cuisine.