The Arab Muslim conquests were a series of military campaigns that began in the 7th century, following the death of the Prophet Muhammad. These conquests expanded the Islamic Empire rapidly across the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Europe, significantly spreading the Islamic faith and culture. Key battles, such as the Battle of Yarmouk in 636 CE, led to the fall of the Byzantine Empire territories. The conquests resulted in the establishment of new administrative systems and trade routes, influencing the regions' political and social structures for centuries to come.