The "Arab Awakening," also known as the "Arab Spring," refers to a series of protests and uprisings that began in late 2010 across the Arab world. Citizens in countries like Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya demanded political reform, social justice, and an end to authoritarian regimes. The movement was largely fueled by widespread dissatisfaction with corruption, unemployment, and lack of political freedoms. The protests led to significant changes in some countries, including the ousting of long-standing leaders such as Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in Tunisia and Hosni Mubarak in Egypt. However, the outcomes varied widely, with some nations experiencing civil wars and ongoing instability, while others made strides toward democratic governance.