Aptenodytes forsteri, commonly known as the Emperor Penguin, is the largest species of penguin, native to the Antarctic. These birds can reach heights of up to 1.2 meters (4 feet) and weigh between 22 to 45 kilograms (49 to 99 pounds). They are easily recognized by their striking black and white plumage, with bright orange patches on their necks. Emperor Penguins are unique among penguins as they breed during the harsh Antarctic winter. The female lays a single egg, which the male incubates on his feet under a flap of skin called a brood pouch. This remarkable adaptation allows them to survive extreme cold while caring for their young.