Antiochus IV Epiphanes was a king of the Seleucid Empire who ruled from 175 to 164 BCE. He is known for his aggressive policies and attempts to Hellenize the diverse cultures within his realm, promoting Greek language and customs. His reign was marked by conflicts with the Jewish population, particularly due to his efforts to suppress their religious practices. One of the most significant events during his rule was the Maccabean Revolt, which arose in response to his oppressive measures, including the desecration of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. Antiochus IV's actions ultimately led to a significant backlash, resulting in a struggle for Jewish independence and the establishment of the Hasmonean dynasty.