The Maccabean Revolt was a Jewish uprising against the Seleucid Empire, which ruled over Judea in the 2nd century BCE. It began in 167 BCE when the Seleucid king, Antiochus IV, imposed Hellenistic practices and outlawed Jewish religious customs. Led by the Maccabees, a group of Jewish fighters, the revolt aimed to restore Jewish worship and independence. After several years of conflict, the Maccabees achieved significant victories, culminating in the rededication of the Second Temple in 164 BCE. This event is celebrated during the festival of Hanukkah. The revolt ultimately led to the establishment of the Hasmonean dynasty, which ruled Judea for several decades.