Anglo-Saxon history refers to the period in England from the 5th to the 11th century, following the decline of Roman rule. It began with the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons, a group of tribes from present-day Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands. This era saw the establishment of several kingdoms, including Wessex, Mercia, and Northumbria, and the spread of Christianity. During this time, the Anglo-Saxons developed a rich culture, including literature, art, and law. Notable figures include Alfred the Great, who defended against Viking invasions, and Beowulf, an epic poem that reflects their values and beliefs. The period ended with the Norman Conquest in 1066.