The Anglo-Dutch Rivalry refers to the competition between England and the Netherlands during the 17th century, primarily over trade and colonial dominance. This rivalry was marked by a series of conflicts, including the Anglo-Dutch Wars, as both nations sought to control key trade routes and overseas territories. The Dutch were known for their advanced maritime trade networks, while the English aimed to expand their influence. The rivalry also involved economic competition, with both countries striving for supremacy in global trade. The decline of the Dutch Republic's power and the rise of the British Empire eventually shifted the balance, leading to England's dominance in maritime trade and colonial expansion by the late 17th century.