The "Ancient World" refers to the period of human history that began with the earliest civilizations and lasted until the fall of the Western Roman Empire around 476 AD. This era includes significant cultures such as the Mesopotamians, Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, who made advancements in writing, architecture, and governance. During this time, people developed complex societies, built monumental structures like the Pyramids of Giza and the Colosseum, and created influential philosophies and religions. The Ancient World laid the foundation for modern civilization, influencing art, science, and politics that continue to shape our lives today.