Ancient Times refers to the period in human history that began with the first written records, around 3,500 BCE, and lasted until the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE. This era saw the rise of early civilizations such as the Sumerians, Egyptians, and Indus Valley cultures, which developed complex societies, writing systems, and monumental architecture. During Ancient Times, significant advancements were made in various fields, including mathematics, astronomy, and literature. Notable figures like Hammurabi and Confucius emerged, influencing laws and philosophy. Trade routes expanded, connecting different cultures and facilitating the exchange of goods and ideas across regions.