An ancient synagogue is a place of worship and community gathering for the Jewish people. These structures date back to the time of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, around the 5th century BCE. Synagogues served as centers for prayer, study, and social interaction, often featuring a Torah scroll and a bimah (a raised platform for reading the Torah). Architecturally, ancient synagogues varied in design, reflecting local styles and cultures. Many were adorned with intricate mosaics and inscriptions, showcasing religious themes. Notable examples include the Dura-Europos Synagogue in Syria and the Capernaum Synagogue in Israel, which provide insights into early Jewish life and worship practices.