Ancient Indian Civilization, known for its rich cultural heritage, flourished around the Indus River Valley around 2500 BCE. The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro showcased advanced urban planning, including well-structured streets and drainage systems. This civilization was marked by trade, agriculture, and the development of a writing system, although it remains undeciphered. The later period saw the rise of Vedic culture, which introduced significant religious texts known as the Vedas. This era laid the foundation for major religions like Hinduism and Buddhism. Ancient Indian Civilization contributed greatly to mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy, influencing many cultures around the world.