Ancient India refers to the period of Indian history that spans from the Indus Valley Civilization (around 2500 BCE) to the end of the Gupta Empire (around 550 CE). This era is marked by significant advancements in various fields, including mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. The Vedic texts, which form the foundation of Hinduism, were composed during this time, influencing Indian culture and society. The region was home to several powerful empires, such as the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, which contributed to political stability and economic prosperity. Trade routes flourished, connecting India with other civilizations, and the arts, including sculpture and literature, thrived, leaving a lasting legacy that continues to influence modern India.