The Ancient Incan Civilization thrived in the Andean region of South America from the early 15th century until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. It was known for its advanced agricultural techniques, including terrace farming and irrigation systems, which allowed them to cultivate diverse crops like potatoes and maize. The Incas built an extensive road network that facilitated trade and communication across their vast empire. The Incas had a centralized government led by the Sapa Inca, who was considered a divine ruler. Their society was organized into a hierarchical structure, with skilled artisans and farmers supporting the economy. The Incas are also famous for their impressive architectural achievements, such as Machu Picchu and the city of Cusco, which showcased their engineering prowess and cultural significance.