Ancient capitals were cities that served as the political and administrative centers of powerful civilizations. These cities often housed important government buildings, temples, and palaces, reflecting the culture and values of their societies. Examples include Babylon in ancient Mesopotamia, Thebes in Egypt, and Rome in ancient Italy. Many ancient capitals were strategically located for trade, defense, or religious significance. They often became cultural hubs, influencing art, architecture, and governance. The ruins of these capitals, such as Machu Picchu in Peru and Persepolis in Iran, provide valuable insights into the history and achievements of their respective civilizations.