The "Ancient Age" refers to a period in human history that began with the advent of writing around 3,300 BCE and lasted until the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE. This era saw the rise of early civilizations such as the Sumerians, Egyptians, and Indus Valley cultures, which developed complex societies, trade networks, and monumental architecture. During the Ancient Age, significant advancements were made in various fields, including mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. Notable figures like Confucius and Socrates emerged, influencing thought and culture. The period is characterized by the establishment of empires, such as the Persian Empire and Macedonian Empire, which shaped the political landscape of the time.