Alpha electrons refer to the electrons that are involved in the formation of alpha bonds, which are single covalent bonds between atoms. These electrons are typically found in the outermost shell of an atom and play a crucial role in chemical bonding. In organic chemistry, alpha electrons are significant in determining the reactivity and stability of molecules. In the context of quantum mechanics, alpha electrons can be described using principles such as the Pauli exclusion principle and electron configuration. Understanding these electrons helps chemists predict how different substances will interact, which is essential for fields like pharmaceuticals and materials science.