Gamma rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation with the highest energy and shortest wavelength. They are produced by radioactive decay, nuclear reactions, and certain astronomical events. Due to their high energy, gamma rays can penetrate most materials, making them useful in various applications, including medical imaging and cancer treatment. In the universe, gamma rays are often associated with phenomena such as supernovae and gamma-ray bursts, which are among the most energetic events known. Scientists study gamma rays to understand fundamental processes in physics and the behavior of matter under extreme conditions.